CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background of the Study
One of the people’s need to live in society is to communicate with
the other. To communicate one use language, so it is true that language is a
social organization. In this case the writer is supported by Ramelan (1996:1)
who says that man speaks a language which is as a tool to express his ideas and
wishes. Talking about communication, Chaer (1995:22) states that communication
is a process by which is exchange between individuals through a commom system of
symbols, signs, behaviors. While Lazarus (1964:5) writing it is a concept whose
scope of application is rather flexible.
In communication bilingualism is more widespread. Bilingualism is
popularly the ability to speak two language equally or almost equally well, it
is used technically to refer to any
degree of knowledge of two languages by the same person (Lado in Alwasilah,
1985:124). According to T.Bell the definition of a bilingual is one who has
perfect a control over more than one language (1976:129). Bilingualism is very
common in Indonesia especially in the industrial city. Changes in sociocultural
may bring the changes in language pattern (Rohmah, 1999:1). Language changes
over time to follow the development of
area.
The existency of interference, code switching and language shift in
bilingualism is caused by the reality as stated by Robin (1980:11) :
Languages are
adaptable and modifiable according ro the changing needs and conditions of
speakers ; this is immediately seen in
the adaption of the vocabulary of English and of other languages to the
scientific and industrial developments, and the concomitant changes in people’s
live.
For this Chaer (1995:3) says dimensi
kemasyarakatan bukan hanya memberi makna kepada bahasa , tetapi juga
menyebabkan terjadinya ragam-ragam bahasa. This means the social demension does
not only give meaning to the language but also causes the occurrence of
language variation. An ethnic language can change to a dominant lamguage and
after thet language shift will occur in the younger generation.
Chaer (1995:187) states
that pergeseran bahasa ( language shift ) menyangkut masalah pengunaan bahasa
oleh seorang penutur atau sekelompok penutur yang bisa terjadi sebagai akibat
perpindahan dari satu masyarakat tutur ke masyarakat tutur lain. This means
that language shift relates to the language use problem by a speaker or a group
that happen as the result of a change from a speech community to the other.
Alwasilah (1985:133) says bila satu kelompok baru datang ke tempat lain dan
bercampur dengan kelompok setempat, maka akan terjadilah pergeseran bahasa (
langage shift ). It means if a speaker or a speech community move to another
place that use another language and interact with them, language shift will be
happen. Hartman in Alwasilah (1985:42) says that a speech community is a group
of people usually in the same area, speaking the variant of a language, or the
same standard language.
Language shift usually
occur in the state, area or region that are give the wishes for better economic
social life. In this case the place is Tulungagung that nowadays there are so
many modern Javanese parents, towards Javanese language by putting Indonesian
as daily language at home and ignoring Javanese language which should be thought
to language eventually. The urban, one who has moved to the city from country
(Bintaro, 1983:15) will forget a part of their language and ( be forced to )
gain the local language. Chaer (1995:188) confirmed that :
Dalam
kelompok asal, mereka memang dapat menggunakan bahasa pertama mereka; tetapi
untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, tentunya mereka tidak dapat bertahan
untuk tetap menggunakan bahasa sendiri. Sedikit demi sedikit mereka harus
belajar menggunakan bahasa penduduk setempat.
This means in their origin
group, they are still can use their first language but to communicate with
another of course they are can’t maintain their own language. Little by little
they are have to use the local inhabitant’s language.
The reason why the writer is interested in language shift is because
of the writer’s experiences. She observes that nowadays many young urban shift
the Javanese language into Indonesian and only some of them still maintain
Javanese language. In this study, the researcher wants to observe language
shift used by the young urban at Beji village, Tulungagung.
1.2.
Statement of the Problem
From the background above, the
statements of the problems are as follows :
1.
What forms of language shift
are identified in Beji, Tulungagung?
2.
What social contexts are
responsible for the use of language shift in Beji, Tulungagung ?
3.
What particular reasons are
responsible for the use of the language shift in Beji, Tulungagung ?
1.3.
Purpose of the Study
Concerning to the problems above,
the purposes of the study are :
1. To identify the forms of language shift that
is used by young urban in Beji,
Tulungagung.
2. To describe the social contexts which are
responsible for the use of language shift in Beji, Tulungagung.
3. To find out the particular reasons which are responsible for the
use of language shift in Beji, Tulungagung
1.4.
Significance of the
Study
The study is expected to
give a meaningful contribution to enrich our understanding about
sociolinguistic in general and to the study of language shift in particular.
She believes that understanding in language shift is very important. The writer
also hopes that this study will be able to give information to the readers,
especially to the students of sociolinguistic at English Department who intend
to make further studies in this field
For the field of
sociolinguistics, the result will be beneficial for the growth of
sociolinguistics in Indonesia.
1.5.
Scope and Limitation of
The Study
This study will see the language
shift in Beji, Tulungagung. It is because Tulungagung is one of big cities in
East Java. The spread of Indonesian comes throughout the city and into all
levels and sectors of society through education, economy, government, their
informal situation ( daily
talk ) and so on.
The limitation
of the study is only in the young urbans who live in Beji, Tulungagung. The
reasons for this limitation are because there are many possibilities that
language shift exist in the young urban who live in a big city.
1.6.
Definition of Key Terms
Language Shift : Menyangkut masalah penggunaan bahasa oleh
seorang penutur atau sekelompok penutur yang bisa terjadi sebagai akibat
perpindahan dari satu masyarakat tutur ke masyarakat tutur lain (Chaer,
1995:187). This means the language shift
relates to the language use problem by a speaker or a group that happen as the result of a change from a
speech community to the other.
Bila satu kelompok baru datang ke tempat lain
dan bercampur dengan kelompok setempat (Alwasilah, 1985:133). This means if a speaker or a speech community moved to
another place and interact with inhabitants.
Urban : One who has moved to the city from the
country (Bintaro, 1983:15).
LANGUAGE SHIFT USED BY THE YOUNG
URBANS OF BEJI VILLAGE, TULUNGAGUNG
BY
ERNAWATI WARSITO
00122043
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